Translations of both the short and long texts
[Edmund Colledge and James Walsh have translated their
edition of A Book of Showings; like their edition of the
original (see below under "Editions"), this contains
both the short and the long text. The book has a useful introduction
and notes, as well as a topical index to the texts:]
Showings / Julian of Norwich; translated from the critical
text, with an introd., by Edmund Colledge and James Walsh; pref.
by Jean Leclercq (The Classics of Western spirituality). NY:
Paulist Press, 1978 (369p.)
LC#: BV4831 .J8 1978; ISBN: 080910234X, 0809120917
Includes indexes. Bibliography: p. 345-347.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
"For in mankind which will be saved is comprehended all."
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Because the long text is available nany places online,
all but the last excerpt given here are from the short text;
paragraph breaks and quotation marks for dialogue have been added.
First, on Julian's reason for writing:]
Everything that I say about myself I mean to apply to all my
fellow Christians, for I am taught that this is what our Lord
intends in this spiritual revelation. And therefore I pray you
all for God's sake, and I counsel you for your own profit, that
you disregard the wretched worm, the sinful creature to whom
it was shown, and that mightily, wisely, lovingly and meekly
you contemplate God, who out of his courteous love and his endless
goodness was willing to show this vision generally, to the comfort
of us all.
And you who hear and see this vision and this teaching, which
is from Jesus Christ for the edification of your souls, it is
God's will and my wish that you accept it with as much joy and
delight as if Jesus had shown it to you, as he did to me.
I am not good because of the revelation, but only if I love
God better, and so can and so should every man do who sees it
and hears it with good will and proper intention. And so it is
my desire that it should be to every man the same profit that
I asked for myself, and was moved to in the first moment when
I saw it; for it is common and general, just as we are all one;
and I am sure that I saw it for the profit of many others.
For truly it was not revealed to me because God loves me better
than the humblest soul who is in a state of grace. For I an sure
that there are many who never had revelations or visions, but
only the common teaching of Holy Church, who love God better
than I.
If I pay special attention to myself, I am nothing at all;
but in general I am in the unity of love with all my fellow Christians.
For it is in this unity of love that the life consists of all
men who will be saved. For God is everything that is good, and
God has made everything that is made, and God loves everything
that he has made, and if any man or woman withdraws his love
from any of his fellow Christians, he does not love at all, because
he has not love for all. For in mankind which will be saved is
comprehended all, that is, all that is made and the maker of
all; for God is in man, and so in man is all.... [ch.6,
pp.133-34]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Ought I therefore to believe that I should not tell you...?"
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[On her position as a woman:]
But God forbid that you should say or assume that I am a teacher,
for that is not and never was my intention: for I am a woman,
ignorant, weak and frail. But I know very well that what I am
saying I have received by the revelation of him who is the sovereign
teacher. But it is truly love which moves me to tell it to you,
for I want God to be known and my fellow Christians to prosper,
as I hope to prosper myself, by hating sin more and loving God
more.
But because I am a woman, ought I therefore to believe that
I should not tell you of the goodness of God, when I saw at that
same time that it is his will that it be known? Then you will
soon forget me who am a wretch, and do this, so that I am no
hindrance to you, and you will contemplate Jesus, who is every
man's teacher.... [ch. 6,
p.135]
-----------------------------------------------------------
"I often wondered why sin was not prevented."
-----------------------------------------------------------
[Before her visionary experience, Julian had thought about the
question that has always plagued theologians: the reason for
the existence of suffering:]
And after this our Lord brought to my mind the longing that
I had for him before; and I saw that nothing hindered me but
sin, and I saw that this is true of us all in general, and it
seemed to me that if there had been no sin, we should all have
been pure and as like our Lord as he created us.
And so in my folly before this time I often wondered why,
through the great and prescient wisdom of God, sin was not prevented;
for it seemed to me that then all would have been well. The impulse
to think this was greatly to be shunned; and I mourned and sorrowed
on this account, unreasonably, lacking discretion, filled with
pride. Nonetheless in this vision Jesus informed me about everything
needful to me....
He answered with these words, and said: "Sin is necessary."
In the word "sin," our Lord brought generally to my
mind all that which is not good: the shameful contempt and the
complete denial of himself which he endured for us in this life
and in his death, and all the pains and passions, spiritual and
bodily, of all his creatures. For we are all in part denied,
and we ought to be denied, following our master Jesus until we
are fully purged, that is to say until we have completely denied
our own mortal flesh and all our inward affections which are
not good.
And the beholding of this, with all the pains that ever were
or ever will be... was shown to me in an instant, and quickly
turned into consolation. For our good Lord would not have the
soul frightened by this ugly sight. But I did not see sin, for
I believe that it has no kind of substance, no share in being,
nor can it be recognized except by the pains which it causes.
And it seemed to me that this pain is something for a time,
for it purges us and makes us know ourselves and ask for mercy;
for the Passion of our Lord is comfort to us against all this,
and that is his blessed will for all who will be saved. He comforts
readily and sweetly with his words, and says: "But all will
be well, and every kind of thing will be well."
These words were revealed very tenderly, showing no kind of
blame to me or to anyone who will be saved. So it would be most
unkind of me to blame God or marvel at him on account of my sins,
since he does not blame me for sin....
[ch.13, pp.147-149:]
-------------------------------------------------------
"I wished... for some plainer explanation...."
-------------------------------------------------------
[But Julian was not yet ready to be sure:]
But I shall study upon this, contemplating it generally, heavily
and mournfully, saying in intention to our Lord with very great
fear: "Ah, good Lord, how could all things be well, because
of the great harm which has come through sin to your creatures?"
And I wished, so far as I dared, for some plainer explanation
through which my mind might be at ease about this matter....
He gave me understanding of two portions. One portion is our
saviour and our salvation. This blessed portion is open and clear
and fair and bright and plentiful, for all men who are or will
be of good will are comprehended in this portion....
The other portion is closed to us and hidden, that is to say
all that is additional to our salvation. For this is our Lord's
privy counsel, and it is fitting to God's royal dominion to keep
his privy counsel in peace, and it is fitting to his subjects
out of obedience and respect not to wish to know his counsel.
[ch.14. pp.149-50]
------------------------------------
"You will not be overcome."
------------------------------------
[When the crisis of Julian's illness passed and she knew
that she would live, she began to wonder if her visions were
mere "ravings":]
...[O]ur Lord very humbly revealed words to me,... "Know
it well, it was no hallucination which you saw today, but accept
and believe it and hold firmly to it, and you will not be overcome."...
And these words: "You will not be overcome," were
said very insistently and strongly, for certainty and strength
against every tribulation which may come. He did not say: "You
will not be assailed, you will not be be laboured, you will not
be disquieted," but he said: "You will not be overcome."
God wants us to pay attention to his words, and always to be
strong in our certainty, in well-being and in woe, for he loves
us and delights in us, and so he wishes us to love him and delight
in him and trust greatly in him, and all will be well.
[ch. 22, p. 165]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Who reveals it to you? Love. What did he reveal to you?
Love."
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[From the long text's last chapter:]
This book is begun by God's gift and his grace, but it is
not yet performed, as I see it....
And from the time that it was revealed, I desired many times
to know in what was our Lord's meaning. And fifteen years after
and more, I was answered in spiritual understanding, and it was
said: "What, do you wish to know your Lord's meaning in
this thing? Know it well, love was his meaning. Who reveals it
to you? Love. What did he reveal to you? Love. Why does he reveal
it to you? For love. Remain in this, and you will know more of
the same. But you will never know different, without end."
So I was taught that love is our Lord's meaning. And I saw
very certainly in this and in everything that before God made
us he loved us, which love has never abated and never will be.
And in this love he has done all his works, and in this love
he has made all things profitable to us, and in this love our
life is everlasting. In our creation we had beginning, but the
love in which he created us was in him from without beginning.
In this love we have our beginning, and all this shall we see
in God without end. [ch.
86, p. 342-43]
========================================================================
Other translations
[Elisabeth Dutton's appears to be the most recent "modernization"
of both the short and long texts. Of special interest is Dutton's
consideration, in the introductions and notes, of Julian's diction---her
choice, use, and repetition of various words; the effect is to
emphasize Julian's own voice:]
A revelation of love / Julian of Norwich; introduced, edited,
and modernized by Elisabeth Dutton (The Sacred Literature Trust
series). Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.,
c2008. (175 p.)
LC#: BV4831.J83 .R38 2008; ISBN: 9780742562806; 9780742562813
Includes bibliographical references (p. [174]-175)
------------------------
[Another translation of both the short and long texts has been
made by Elizabeth Spearing. The introduction by A.C. Spearing
concentrates on the long text, with a discussion of Julian's
treatment of Christ as mother and of Chapter 51. The notes are
brief but useful; the appendix contains samples of the Middle
English originals and Margery Kempe's account of her meeting
with Julian. (See
the book's table of contents online.):]
Julian of Norwich. Revelations of divine love (short text
and long text) / translated by Elizabeth Spearing; with introduction
and notes by A.C. Spearing. Harmondsworth, Eng.: Penguin Books,
c1998. (xlii, 192 p. ; 20 cm)
LC#: BV4382.2 .J8513 1998; ISBN: 0140446737
Includes bibliographical references (p. xxxiv-xxxvi)
========================================================================
Translation of the short text alone
[Frances Beer has translated the short text (and chapters
58-63 of the long text). Her introduction describes Julian's
literary sources, and an interpretive essay discusses Julian's
egalitarianism. The notes are useful and the bibliography detailed.
(See
the book's table of contents online.):]
Revelations of divine love, translated from British Library
Additional MS 37790; The motherhood of God: an excerpt, translated
from British Library MS Sloane 2477 / with introduction, interpretive
essay, and bibliography [by] Frances Beer (Library of medieval
women, 1369-9652). Rochester, NY: D.S. Brewer, c1998. (viii,
93 p)
LC#: BV4832.2 .J8513 1998b; ISBN: 0859914534
Includes bibliographical references (p. [80]-89) and index.
========================================================================
Translations of the long text alone
[Each chapter of John-Julian Swanson's translation is accompanied
by the commentary by Frederick S. Roden, whose focus is on the
significance of the work to modern readers. For this reason,
there are no separate notes, and no index:]
Love's trinity: a companion to Julian of Norwich: long text
with a commentary / commentary by Frederick S. Roden; Showings
of Julian of Norwich translated by John-Julian; foreword by John-Julian.
Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, c2009. (xii, 336 p.)
LC#: BV4832.3 .J8613 2009; ISBN: 9780814653081
------------------------
[Available online, Julia Bolton Holloway's translation is a "composite"
(p.xxxi); it uses one of the manuscripts of the mid-1600s, but
shows "important" variant readings of three other manuscripts;
the translation is based on the 2001 SISMEL edition edited by
Anna Maria Reynolds and Holloway. The introduction presents
Holloway's conjectures about Julian's life and her book's manuscript
history. No notes are provided, and the index is a bit confusing:
most (but not all) of the topical references are listed under
Julian's name (pp. 129-132):]
Showing of love / Julian of Norwich; translated from the British
Library Sloane 2499 manuscript (S), collated with the Westminster
Cathedral manuscript (W), the Paris, Bibliotheque nationale,
Anglais 40 manuscript (P), and the British Library, Additional
37,790, Amherst manuscript (A) by Julia Bolton Holloway. Collegeville,
Minn.: Liturgical Press, c2003. (xxxiv, 133 p.)
LC#: BV4831 .J8213 2003; ISBN: 0814651690
========================================================================
[John Skinner has also made a translation of the long text.
The preface, chapter headings and brief notes are of interest;
there is a glossary but no index:]
Revelation of love / Julian of Norwich; edited and translated
by John Skinner. New York: Doubleday: "Image books,"
1997. (xiii, 187 p.)
LC#:BV4831.J83 J85 1997; ISBN: 0385487568.
"The present translation is based upon the acknowledged
critical edition of A revelation of love by Dr. Marion Glasscoe
(published by Exeter University)"--Pref. Includes bibliographical
references
========================================================================
[This is an older but still easily available loose translation,
by Clifton Wolters, of the long text; there is an introduction
but no notes or index:]
Juliana, anchoret. Revelations of divine love. Wolters, Clifton,
tr. Baltimore, Penguin books [1966] (213 p.)
LC#: BV4831 .J8 1966a
========================================================================
[The print version of Grace Warrack's modern-spelling version
of the long text available online. The book includes Warrack's
introduction, not given online:]
Revelations of divine love, recorded by Julian, anchoress
at Norwich, anno Domini 1373. A version from the ms. in the British
Museum, edited by Grace Warrack. 5th ed. London, Methuen [1914]
(lxxviii, 208 p. 19 cm.)
LC#: BV4831 .J8 1941
========================================================================
Editions
Long and short texts
[The latest edition of both texts by Nicholas Watson and
Jacqueline Jenkins is valuable even for those who do not feel
at ease with the original; the notes given on facing pages of
the text are so detailed as to constitute a translation. In addition
to giving the short text alone, the editors give it again as
a "analytic version": on each page of the long text
the relevant passages of the short text are also given, with
changes, additions, and omissions indicated. The book's introduction
provides a clear evaluation of manuscripts, editions, and translations.
The appendix includes the Westminster manuscript and Margery
Kempe's description of her visit to Julian. The partially annotated
bibliography by Amy Appleford appears complete through 2005.
(See
the book's table of contents online.):]
Watson, Nicholas and Jenkins, Jacqueline. The writings of
Julian of Norwich: A vision showed to a devout woman and a revelation
of love (Brepols medieval women series). Pennsylvania State University
Press, 2006. (488 p.: 6 ill.)
LC#: BV4832.3 .W75 2006; ISBN: 0271025476
========================================================================
[This is the edition of the Middle English text by Colledge
& Walsh from which they made their translation (see above).
Volume 1 contains a detailed and valuable introduction and the
short text, and Volume 2 the long text:]
A book of showings to the anchoress Julian of Norwich / edited
by Edmund Colledge and James Walsh (Studies and texts [Pontifical
Institute of Mediaeval Studies]; 35). Toronto: Pontifical Institute
of Mediaeval Studies,1978.(2 v.; 26 cm.)
LC#: BV4831 .J8 1978b; ISBN: 0888440359
Short text edited from MS BM additional 37790 [Amherst Ms]; long
text edited from MS BN Fonds anglais 40, collated with MSS BM
Sloane 2499 and 3705, Westminster Archdiocesan Archives and Upholland
Seminary Library, and with the 1670 Serenus Cressy printed Middle
English text, modern English introd. and notes. Bibliography:
pt. 2, p. 761-773. Appendix, bibliography, glossary, index.
========================================================================
Long text alone
[This edition of the long text is Denise N. Baker's; her
introduction is useful, her notes and a glossary detailed. The
book also includes a half dozen brief excerpts from writers contemporary
with or before Julian and seven essays reprinted from original
publications between 1980 and 2000. A selected bibliography covers
studies through 2003. (See
the book's table of contents online.):]
Showings: authoritative text, contexts, criticism / Julian
of Norwich; edited by Denise N. Baker (A Norton critical edition).
New York: W.W. Norton, c2005. (xxvii, 213 p.)
LC#: BV4832.3 .J86 2005; ISBN: 0393979156
Includes bibliographical references (p. 211-213)
========================================================================
[The print version of the Georgia Ronan Crampton edition of the
long text that is available online. The book includes appendices
containing passages from the short text; these are not online:]
The shewings of Julian of Norwich / edited by Georgia Ronan
Crampton (Consortium for the Teaching of the Middle Ages / Middle
English texts). Kalamazoo, Mich.: Published for TEAMS in Association
with the University of Rochester by Medieval Institute Publications,
Western Michigan University, 1993. (ix, 218 p.: 26 cm.)
LC#: BV4831 .J8 1993; ISBN: 1879288451
Includes bibliographical references (p. 23-35).
========================================================================
[A 1976 edition Marion Glasscoe of the long text. The introduction
and notes are useful:]
A revelation of love / [by] Julian of Norwich; edited by Marion
Glasscoe (Exeter medieval English texts). [Exeter]: University
of Exeter, 1976. (xviii, 111 p.)
LC#: BV4831 .J8 1976; ISBN: 0859890619
Includes index. Bibliography: p. xviii.
========================================================================
Westminster Manuscript
[The Westminster Manuscript is a c.1500 collection
of spiritual works; it contains material from the long text.
This article by Hugh Kempster contains the original Middle English
text of Julian's portion of the manuscript:]
Kempster, Hugh, ed. Julian of Norwich: The Westminster text
of A Revelation of Love. Mystics Quarterly, 23:4 (December
1997), 177-245.
LC#:BV5077 .G7 F682; ISSN: 07425503
========================================================================
Secondary sources
[The sixteen essays in this collection all all of interest
(as is Liz Herbert McAvoy's introduction, which reviews the textual
history); for the general reader three essays are perhaps of
most value, because they deal with the Short Text as well as
the Long Text: (1) Barry Windeatt's "Julian's Second Thoughts:
The Long Text Tradition" discusses the relationship between
the two texts; (2) Elizabeth Robertson's "Julian of Norwich's
'Modernist' Style and the Creation of Audience" looks at
the visual imagery used in each text; (3) McAvoy's "'For
we be doubel of God's making' : Writing, Gender, and the Body
in Julian of Norwich" describes both texts' treatment of
women and the feminine. The book's notes and bibliography provide
thorough coverage of recent research. (See
the book's table of contents online.):]
A companion to Julian of Norwich / edited by Liz Herbert McAvoy.
Cambridge [England]: D.S. Brewer; Rochester, NY: Boydell &
Brewer, 2008. (xi, 249 p : ill.)
LC#: BV5095.J84 C6 2008; ISBN: 9781843841722
Includes bibliographical references (p. [219]-236) and index.
--------------------
[McAvoy's 2004 study does not compare Julian with Margery
Kempe; instead, three of the book's six chapters are given to
each of the two women. For each, Herbert McAvoy discusses what
the written text and our knowledge of the period's views reveal
about the writer's treatment of motherhood, feminine sexuality,
and the public female voice. In the process of presenting her
own interpretations, Herbert McAvoy sums up in detail earlier
research and critical studies. (See
the book's table of contents online.):]
Herbert McAvoy, Liz. Authority and the female body in the
writings of Julian of Norwich and Margery Kempe (Studies in medieval
mysticism, 1465-5683; v. 5). Cambridge; Rochester, NY: Boydell
Press, 2004. (viii, 276 p)
LC#: PR275.M9 H47 2004; ISBN: 1843840081
Includes bibliographical references (p. 238-261) and index
---------------------
[Included in this collection is another essay by McAvoy,
"'Be thou, to whom this booke shall come': Julian of Norwich
and Her Audience, Past, Present and Future," which deals
with the Short Text as well as the Long Text, showing how Julian's
thought developed over the years. McAvoy sees Julian's greatest
strength as her accessibility to readers on a range of levels.
Another worthwhile essay in the book is Marion Glasscoe's "Contexts
for Teaching Julian of Norwich," which offers ways of first
approaching the complex text; Glasscoe's ideas are valuable for
the general reader as well as for the teacher. (See
the book's table of contents online.):]
Approaching medieval English anchoritic and mystical texts
/ edited by Dee Dyas, Valerie Edden, Roger Ellis (Christianity
and culture). Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 2005. (xvi, 213 p.: ill.)
LC#: BV5077.G7 A67 2005; ISBN: 1843840499
Includes bibliographical references and index
--------------------
[Several useful essays are in this collection; two are
perhaps most useful for the general reader: Jay Rudd's "'I
wolde for thy loue dye': Julian, Romance Discourse, and the Masculine"
looks at the presentation of God as a courtly lover; and Nicolas
Watson's "The Trinitarian Hermeneutic in Julian of Norwich's
Revelation of Love" discusses the ways Julian interprets
her experience in order to make it significant to her reader. (See the book's
table of contents online.):]
Julian of Norwich: a book of essays / edited by Sandra J.
McEntire (Garland medieval casebooks; vol. 21). New York: Garland
Pub., 1998. (xxi, 341 p.)
LC#:BV5095 .J84 J83 1998; ISBN: 0815325290
Includes bibliographical references (p. [321]-338) and index
---------------------
[This collection includes a later essay on Julian by Watson,
which discusses the short text as well as the long text and illustrates
how the later work both developed and differed from the earlier
work. (See
the book's table of contents online.):]
The Cambridge companion to medieval women's writing / edited
by Carolyn Dinshaw and David Wallace (Cambridge companions to
literature). Cambridge, U.K.; New York: Cambridge University
Press, 2003. (xix, 289 p.)
LC#: PN682.W6 C36 2003; ISBN: 052179188X, 0521796385
Includes bibliographical references (p. 267-283) and index
---------------------
[Frederick Christian Bauerschmidt's study is a close reading
of the long text which sees Julian's identification of the body
of Christ with the human community as asserting a polity that
is not the same as the ecclesiastical structure of the Church.
Although his focus is theological, Bauerschmidt gives useful
background on the political life of Julian's period, and he provides
the modern English as well as the original of all quoted passages.
An appendix, "Who was Julian of Norwich?" sums up earlier
interpretations of Julian and her texts. (See
the book's table of contents online.):]
Bauerschmidt, Frederick Christian. Julian of Norwich and the
mystical body politic of Christ (Studies in spirituality and
theology 59; 5) . Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame
Press, c1999. (xii, 290 p.)
LC#: BV5095.J84 B38 1999; ISBN: 026801194X
Includes bibliographical references (p. 267-281) and index
----------------------
[In Barbara Newman's study, one chapter, "Sapientia:
The Goddess Incarnate," includes a section (pp.222-234)
which discusses Chapters 41-63 of the long text, in which Julian
describes the role of Jesus as a mother. The whole chapter is
useful in illustrating how Julian's treatment compares with that
of other writers who also made use of the biblical figure of
Wisdom. (See
the book's table of contents online.):]
Newman, Barbara. God and the goddesses: vision, poetry, and
belief in the Middle Ages (The Middle Ages series). Philadelphia:
University of Pennsylvania Press, c2003. (xiii, 446 p.: ill.)
LC#: PN688.G65 N49 2003; ISBN: 0812236912
Includes bibliographical references (p. [409]-436) and index
----------------------
[This second volume of Prudence Allen's study on the philosophy
of gender includes a useful section (pp. 398-437) on Julian's
presentation of philosophical thought through analogy. (See
the book's table of contents online.):]
Allen, Prudence. The concept of woman. Volume 2, The early
humanist reformation, 1250-1500. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans
Pub., c2002. (xxiv, 1161 p.: ill.)
LC#: BD450 .A4725 2002; ISBN: 0802847358
Includes bibliographical references (p. 1091-1129) and index
--------------------
[This collection includes a substantial essay by Lynn Staley,
"Julian of Norwich and the late Fourteenth-Century Crisis
of Authority," which discusses the difference between the
short and the long text. Staley reviews the earlier literature
on Julian, and her bibliographic notes are detailed. (See
the book's table of contents online.):]
The Powers of the Holy: religion, politics, and gender in
late medieval English culture / David Aers and Lynn Staley. University
Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, c1996. (310 p.)
LC#: BR750 .A35 1996; ISBN: 0271015411, 027101542X
Includes bibliographical references (p. [273]-301) and index
----------------------
[Denise N. Baker's study offers a thorough analysis of
the development from the short to the long text.
(See the book's table of contents online.):]
Baker, Denise Nowakowski. Julian of Norwich's Showings: from
vision to book. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press,
c1994. (xi, 215 p.: ill.)
LC#: BV4831.J83 B34 1994; ISBN: 0691036314
Includes bibliographical references (p. 199-212) and index
----------------------
[In his study Edward Peter Nolan extensively analyzes Julian's
style. He also translates and explicates Julian's section of
the Westminster Manuscript:]
Nolan, Edward Peter. Cry out and write: a feminine poetics
of revelation. New York: Continuum, c1994. (215 p.)
LC#: PA8030.C47 N65 1994; ISBN: 082640684X
Includes bibliographical references (p. [209]-212) and index
----------------------
[Steven Fanning's essay in this collection, "Mitigations
of the Fear of Hell and Purgatory in the Later Middle Ages: Julian
of Norwich and Catherine of Genoa," includes a discussion
of Julian's attitude toward "universal salvation."
Fanning shows how Julian's views differ from those of contemporary
theologians. (See
the book's table of contents online.):]
Fear and its representations in the Middle Ages and Renaissance
/ edited by Anne Scott & Cynthia Kosso (Arizona studies in
the middle ages and the renaissance; v. 6). Turnhout: Brepols;
[Cheltenham: European Schoolbooks] (distributor), c2002. (xxxvii,
350 p.: ill.)
LC#: PN56.F39 F4 2002; ISBN: 2503512070
Includes bibliographical references and index
========================================================================
Updated 06-28-09
Return to the index of "Other Women's
Voices."
Julian of Norwich
(c.1342-aft.1416)